What Is Bios? How Bios Work?
BIOS
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| BIOS chip |
BIOS is an integral component of your estimator together with comes amongst it when you lot pick out it home. (In contrast, the operating organisation tin give the axe either live on pre-installed past times the manufacturer or vendor or installed past times the user.) BIOS is a plan that is made accessible to the microprocessor on an erasable programmable read-only retention (EPROM) chip. When you lot plough on your computer, the microprocessor passes command to the BIOS program, which is ever located at the same identify on EPROM.
When BIOS boots upwards (starts up) your computer, it starting fourth dimension determines whether all of the attachments are inwards identify together with operational together with and so it loads the operating organisation (or key parts of it) into your computer's random access retention (RAM) from your difficult disk or diskette drive.
With BIOS, your operating organisation together with its applications are freed from having to empathise exact details (such equally hardware addresses) nearly the attached input/output devices. When device details change, exclusively the BIOS plan needs to live on changed. Sometimes this alter tin give the axe live on made during your organisation setup. In whatever case, neither your operating organisation or whatever applications you lot usage demand to live on changed. Although BIOS is theoretically ever the intermediary betwixt the microprocessor together with I/O device command information together with information flow, inwards about cases, BIOS tin give the axe adapt for information to catamenia straight to retention from devices (such equally video cards) that require faster information catamenia to live on effective.
The BIOS inwards modern PCs initializes together with tests the organisation hardware components, together with loads a boot loader from a majority retention device which together with so initializes an operating system. In the era of DOS, the BIOS provided a hardware abstraction layer for the keyboard, display, together with other input/output (I/O) devices that standardized an interface to application programs together with the operating system. More recent operating systems practise non usage the BIOS later loading, instead accessing the hardware components directly.
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| BIOS |
Most BIOS implementations are specifically designed to piece of job amongst a particular estimator or motherboard model, past times interfacing amongst diverse devices that brand upwards the complementary organisation chipset. Originally, BIOS firmware was stored inwards a ROM fighting on the PC motherboard. In modern estimator systems, the BIOS contents are stored on flash retention so it tin give the axe live on rewritten without removing the fighting from the motherboard. This allows easy, end-user updates to the BIOS firmware so novel features tin give the axe live on added or bugs tin give the axe live on fixed, but it besides creates a possibility for the estimator to acquire infected amongst BIOS rootkits. Furthermore, a BIOS upgrade that fails tin give the axe brick the motherboard permanently, unless the organisation includes about cast of backup for this case.
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is a successor to the legacy PC BIOS, aiming to address its technical shortcomings.
History
The term BIOS (Basic Input /Output System) was created past times Gary Kildall and starting fourth dimension appeared inwards the CP/M operating organisation inwards 1975, describing the machine-specific component of CP/M loaded during boot fourth dimension that interfaces straight amongst the Hardware. (A CP/M machine commonly has exclusively a unproblematic boot loader in its ROM.)
Versions of MS-DOS, PC DOS or DR_DOS contain a file called variously "IO.SYS", "IBMBIO.COM", "IBMBIO.SYS", or "DRBIOS.SYS"; this file is known equally the "DOS BIOS" (also known equally the "DOS I/O System") together with contains the lower-level hardware-specific component of the operating system. Together amongst the underlying hardware-specific but operating system-independent "System BIOS", which resides inwards ROM, it represents the analogue to the "CP/M BIOS".
With the introduction of PS/2 machines, IBM divided the System BIOS into real- together with protected-mode portions. The real-mode percentage was meant to supply backward compatibility amongst existing operating systems such equally DOS, together with thence was named "CBIOS" (for "Compatibility BIOS"), whereas the "ABIOS" (for "Advanced BIOS") provided novel interfaces specifically suited for multitasking operating systems such equally OS/2.
How BIOS Works
First, nosotros know BIOS Function
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| BIOS Function |
One of the most mutual uses of Flash retention is for the basic input/output organisation of your computer, commonly known equally the BIOS (pronounced "bye-ose"). On virtually every estimator available, the BIOS makes certain all the other chips, difficult drives, ports together with CPU operate together.
Every desktop together with laptop estimator inwards mutual usage today contains a microprocessor equally its cardinal processing unit. The microprocessor is the hardware component. To acquire its piece of job done, the microprocessor executes a laid of instructions known equally software (see How Microprocessors Work for details). You are in all probability rattling familiar amongst 2 dissimilar types of software:
The operating organisation - The operating organisation provides a laid of services for the applications running on your computer, together with it besides provides the fundamental user interface for your computer. Windows 98 together with Linux are examples of operating systems. (See How Operating Systems Work for lots of details.)
The applications - Applications are pieces of software that are programmed to perform specific tasks. On your estimator correct at nowadays you lot in all probability pick out a browser application, a give-and-take processing application, an electronic mail application together with so on. You tin give the axe besides purchase novel applications together with install them.
It turns out that the BIOS is the 3rd type of software your estimator needs to operate successfully. In this article, you'll acquire all nearly BIOS -- what it does, how to configure it together with what to practise if your BIOS needs updating.
The BIOS software has a position out of dissimilar roles, but its most of import operate is to charge the operating system. When you lot plough on your estimator together with the microprocessor endeavor to execute its starting fourth dimension instruction, it has to acquire that education from somewhere. It cannot acquire it from the operating organisation because the operating organisation is located on a difficult disk, together with the microprocessor cannot acquire to it without about instructions that nation it how. The BIOS provides those instructions. Some of the other mutual tasks that the BIOS performs include:
A power-on self-test (POST) for all of the dissimilar hardware components inwards the organisation to brand certain everything is working properly
Activating other BIOS chips on dissimilar cards installed inwards the estimator - For example, SCSI together with graphics cards ofttimes pick out their ain BIOS chips.
Providing a laid of low-level routines that the operating organisation uses to interface to dissimilar hardware devices - It is these routines that give the BIOS its name. They create out things similar the keyboard, the screen, together with the series together with parallel ports, peculiarly when the estimator is booting.
Managing a collection of settings for the difficult disks, clock, etc.
When you lot plough on your computer, the BIOS does several things. This is its usual sequence:
- Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings.
- Load the interrupt handlers together with device drivers.
- Initialize registers together with ability management.
- Perform the power-on self-test (POST).
- Display organisation settings.
- Determine which devices are bootable.
- Initiate the bootstrap sequence.
Previous Notes are besides given below amongst PDF file.
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Ø Dual BIOS
Ø UEFI BIOS
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